ECO-LITERATE AND MOTIVATED: TERTIARY EFL LEARNERS’ MOTIVATION AND ENGAGEMENT IN CLIL LEARNING WITH ECOLOGICAL CITIZENSHIP
Main Article Content
Abstract
Grounded in the philosophy of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), this study examines Ecological Citizenship Pedagogy (ECP) as a promising framework for reorienting the educational goals in tertiary English classes toward socially and environmentally responsible learning. Despite this recognition, many students report limited motivation and suboptimal engagement in English classes, perceived to be disconnected from their disciplinary and professional development. Anchored in humanity- and science-oriented pedagogy, this study investigates how ECP fosters students’ motivation and engagement in ecological literacy and English language learning through shared inquiry, exploring how ECP influences first-year students’ motivation and attitudes toward integrated English and ecology learning and how they perceive their experiences through SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. This study employed Sagor’s (2005) Collaborative Action Research (CAR) model and Hadjichambis et al.’s (2020) instructional framework. The findings grounded in the questionnaire and post-course SWOT reflection by students reveal that ECP enhances motivation and ecological literacy embodied in students’ sustained engagement in collaborative inquiries on ecological issues through the mediation of multimodal resources. While motivational gains were observed, the study underscored the need for careful interpretation of the results, particularly regarding their impact on language and ecological competencies. The research highlights the importance of tailored support, multisemiotic resources, and collaborative lessons to create a democratic learning environment that nurtures reflective, socially responsible learners.
Downloads
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Ardoin, N. M., Bowers, A. W., & Gaillard, E. (2022). A systematic mixed studies review of civic engagement outcomes in environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 29(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2135688
Banegas, D. L., & Arellano, R. (2024). Teacher language awareness in CLIL teacher education in Argentina, Colombia, and Ecuador: A multiple case study. Language Awareness, 33(4), 707-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2024.2321875
Banegas, D. L., & Mearns, T. (2023). The language quadriptych in content and language integrated learning: Findings from a collaborative action research study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2023.2281393
Bárcena-Toyos, P. (2020). Teachers’ classroom practices to achieve integration of content and language in CLIL. NABE Journal of Research and Practice, 10(3–4), 94-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/26390043.2021.1890989
Cahyono, B. Y. (2023). Workable approaches in EFL teaching mediated by mobile technology during the pandemic and post-pandemic: Indonesian EFL teachers’ experiences and expectations. Computer Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal CALL-EJ, 24(1), 137-158.
Coyle, D. (2007). Content and language integrated learning: Towards a connected research agenda for CLIL pedagogies. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10(5), 543-562.
Coyle, D. (2013). Listening to learners: An investigation into “successful learning” across CLIL contexts. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(3), 244-266.
De Smet, A., Mettewie, L., Hiligsmann, P., Galand, B., & Van Mensel, L. (2019). Does CLIL shape language attitudes and motivation? Interactions with target languages and instruction levels. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 26(5), 534-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2019.1671308
Directorate of Higher Education. (2020). Buku Panduan Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka [A guide book for implementing the emancipated curriculum]. Directorate of Higher Education.
Doiz, A., Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2014). CLIL and motivation: The effect of individual and contextual variables. The Language Learning Journal, 42(2), 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2014.889508
Fitrawati, Syarif, H., Zaim, M., & Perrodin, D. D. (2023). The perceptions of tertiary students and lecturers regarding CLIL-based critical reading material employing interactive multimedia. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 12(3), 598-611. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v12i3.36838
Garzón-Díaz, E. (2021). From cultural awareness to scientific citizenship: Implementing content and language integrated learning projects to connect environmental science and English in a state school in Colombia. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 24(2), 242-259. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1456512
Grandinetti, M., Langellotti, M., & Ting, Y. L. T. (2013). How CLIL can provide a pragmatic means to renovate science education - even in a sub-optimally bilingual context. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 16(3), 354-374. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2013.777390
Hadjichambis, A. C., Reis, P., Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, D., Činčera, J., Boeve-de Pauw, J., Gericke, N., & Knippels, M.-C. (Eds.). (2020). Conceptualizing environmental citizenship for 21st century education. Springer.
Häggström, M., & Schmidt, C. (2020). Enhancing children’s literacy and ecological literacy through critical place-based pedagogy. Environmental Education Research, 26(12), 1729-1745. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2020.1812537
Imamyartha, D., Widiati, U., Anugerahwati, M., & Hamat, A. (2023). Moodle and Telegram to develop students’ language performance and knowledge co-construction in technology-enhanced CLIL. Studies in English Language and Education, 10(2), 863-883. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i2.28295
Imamyartha, D., Widiati, U., Fardhani, A. E., Alifiyah, A., & Hapsari, G. C. (2024). STEAM pedagogy in foreign language education: An endeavour to broaden CLIL pedagogy through 6Es framework. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(3), 477-489. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v13i3.66933
Kemmis, S., & McTaggart, R. (1998). The action research planner. Springer.
Khoiriyah. (2021). Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in Indonesian context: An overview. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 11(3), 587-601. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v11.i3.202110
Lo, A. W. T. (2025). Unlocking CLIL success: Exploring the interplay between students’ self-regulation levels, linguistic challenges, and learning outcomes in Hong Kong secondary education. Language and Education, 39(2), 433-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2024.2314135
Lo, Y. Y., & Jeong, H. (2018). Impact of genre-based pedagogy on students’ academic literacy development in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Linguistics and Education, 47, 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2018.08.001
Marhamah. (2024). Navigating content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in Indonesian universities: Promise and pitfalls. TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal, 3(5), 2202-2211.
Meyer, O., Coyle, D., Halbach, A., Schuck, K., & Ting, T. (2015). A pluriliteracies approach to content and language integrated learning – mapping learner progressions in knowledge construction and meaning-making. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28(1), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2014.1000924
Mukadimah, H., & Sahayu, W. (2021). Embedding content and language integrated learning (CLIL) into English for specific purposes curriculum for vocational high school. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 11(2), 204-212. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v11i2.41065
Olsen, S. K., Miller, B. G., Eitel, K. B., & Cohn, T. C. (2020). Assessing teachers’ environmental citizenship based on an adventure learning workshop: A case study from a social-ecological systems perspective. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 31(8), 869-893. https://doi.org/10.1080/1046560X.2020.1771039
Otwinowska, A., & Foryś, M. (2017). They learn the CLIL way, but do they like it? Affectivity and cognition in upper-primary CLIL classes. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20(5), 457-480. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2015.1051944
Porto, M. (2018). ‘Yo antes no reciclaba y esto me cambio por completo la consiencia’: Intercultural citizenship education in the English classroom. Education 3-13, 46(3), 317-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2016.1259247
Porto, M. (2021). Intercultural citizenship in foreign language education: An opportunity to broaden CLIL’s theoretical outlook and pedagogy. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 24(7), 927-947. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1526886
Porto, M., & Byram, M. (2015). A curriculum for action in the community and intercultural citizenship in higher education. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28(3), 226-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2015.1087555
Prasandha, D., & Aniq, L. N. (2023). Shifting language ideology and teaching practice in multilingual class: Voices of Indonesian lecturers in CLIL. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 10(1), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v10i1.434
Rauschert, P., & Byram, M. (2018). Service learning and intercultural citizenship in foreign-language education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 48(3), 353-369. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2017.1337722
Rieder-Bünemann, A., Hüttner, J., & Smit, U. (2022). “Who would have thought that I’d ever know that!”: Subject-specific vocabulary in CLIL student interactions. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(9), 3184-3198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2021.2020211
Roth, T., & Bogner, F. X. (2024). The trade-off between STEM knowledge acquisition and language learning in short-term CLIL implementations. International Journal of Science Education, 46(4), 338-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2023.2232502
Sagor, R. (2005). The action research guidebook: A four-step process for educators and school teams. Corwin.
Samad, I., Ismail, I., Dyah, M., & Fatmawati, F. (2025). CLIL in action: Enhancing academic writing and content knowledge in Indonesian university students. Maspul Journal of English Studies, 7(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.33487/majesty.v7i1.8857
Sung, C. C. M. (2021). Negotiating participation and identity in a second language: Mainland Chinese students’ English learning experiences in a multilingual university in Hong Kong. Research Papers in Education, 36(4), 381-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2019.1677760
Susilawati, R., Riniawati, R., Yunita, S., & Darwis, R. (2020). CLIL in higher education: Impacts on student learning and practical implications. Journal of English Pedagogy and Applied Linguistics, 1(1), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.32627/jepal.v6i1.1435
Sutrisna, I. P. E. (2023). CLIL instructions in Indonesian tertiary tourism study program: An analysis of students’ perceptions. International Journal of Instructions and Language Studies, 1(1), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.25078/ijils.v1i1.2374
van Kampen, E., Meirink, J., Admiraal, W., & Berry, A. (2020). Do we all share the same goals for content and language integrated learning (CLIL)? Specialist and practitioner perceptions of ‘ideal’ CLIL pedagogies in the Netherlands. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(8), 855-871. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1411332
Villabona, N., & Cenoz, J. (2022). The integration of content and language in CLIL: a challenge for content-driven and language-driven teachers. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 35(1), 36-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2021.1910703
Wang, Z., McConachy, T., & Ushioda, E. (2021). Negotiating identity tensions in multilingual learning in China: A situated perspective on language learning motivation and multilingual identity. Language Learning Journal, 49(4), 420-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2021.1915366
Ward, J. R., & McCotter, S. S. (2004). Reflection as a visible outcome for preservice teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2004.02.004
Xuejun, Y. (2021). EFL Learning motivation differences of Chinese junior secondary school students: A mixed-methods study. Education 3-13, 49(2), 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2019.1711143
Zhao, K., Zhou, J., & Zou, B. (2022). Developing subject knowledge co-construction and specific language use in a technology-enhanced CLIL programme: effectiveness and productive patterns. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(6), 2172-2185. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2021.1890688
Zhou, S., Fung, D., Thomas, N., Fung, D., & Thomas, N. (2025). Towards deeper learning in EMI lectures: The role of English proficiency and motivation in students’ deep processing of content knowledge. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 46(7), 1749-1764. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2023.2248078