Menyurat Takdir Pernikahan: Transendentalisasi, Institusionalisasi, dan Normalisasi

Authors

  • Judith Chanutomo Program Magister Kajian Budaya, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24071/ret.v14i1.639

Keywords:

genealogi, institusionalisasi, normalisasi, pernikahan, transendentalisasi

Abstract

Pernikahan dalam banyak masyarakat, termasuk Indonesia, kerap dipandang sebagai jenjang hidup yang alami dan tak terhindarkan. Ia hadir sebagai semacam “takdir sosial” yang jarang dipertanyakan. Artikel ini memandang keniscayaan tersebut bukan sebagai fakta kodrati, melainkan sebagai efek dari operasi wacana dan relasi kuasa. Dengan menggunakan kerangka teori wacana Foucauldian dan pendekatan genealogis, penelitian ini menelusuri mekanisme diskursif yang memproduksi pernikahan sebagai sesuatu yang tampak alami, wajar, dan final. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan empat informan kelas menengah, terdiri atas dua laki-laki dan dua perempuan yang pernah menikah dan kemudian bercerai. Narasi retrospektif mereka dianalisis sebagai praktik diskursif yang memperlihatkan bagaimana norma pernikahan diinternalisasi, dinegosiasikan, dan dipertanyakan dalam pengalaman hidup. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa keniscayaan pernikahan diproduksi melalui tiga strategi utama: transendentalisasi, yang menautkan pernikahan dengan kehendak ilahi; institusionalisasi, yang menempatkannya dalam jaringan hukum, keluarga, dan birokrasi sosial; serta normalisasi, yang menetapkannya sebagai satu-satunya jalur hidup yang wajar. Ketiga strategi ini diperkuat oleh prosedur eksklusi yang menstigma perceraian sebagai deviasi moral dan kegagalan personal. Dengan demikian, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa apa yang tampak sebagai “takdir” sesungguhnya merupakan hasil dari operasi diskursif yang kompleks dalam membentuk norma, kebenaran, dan subjektivitas mengenai pernikahan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bachen, Christine, dan Eva Illouz. “Imagining Romance: Young People’s Cultural Models of Romance and Love.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 13, no. 4 (1996): 279–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295039609366983.

Bennett, Linda Rae. Women, Islam and Modernity: Single Women, Sexuality and Reproductive Health in Contemporary Indonesia. London: Routledge, 2005.

Bhargava, Swarnima. “Working with Young Women Facing Pressure to Marry.” International Journal of Narrative Therapy & Community Work, no. 2 (2022): 38–46.

Brechet, Claire. “Representation of Romantic Love in Children’s Drawings: Age and Gender Differences.” Social Development 24, no. 3 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12113.

Brett, Rose Alison Anna. “Views of Traditions and Gender Roles in Heterosexual Relationships.” PhD Thesis, University of Surrey, 2023.

Bukhari, Nayab, dan Mehwish Riaz. “Social-Cultural Stigmas and Encounters Faced by ‘Still Unmarried’ Women and Their Families.” Journal of World Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 1–8. https://jwr.bwo-researches.com/index.php/jwr/article/view/44.

Canesares, Cutie Bacubas, Ivana Jae Bitangcol, Kyne Castaneda, Danielle Kate Fontamillas, dan Danielle Rich Quilas. “Through the Lens of Solitude: Capturing the Realities of Singlehood Stigma Among Women.” 11th International Scholars Conference 11, no. 2 (2024): 567–78. https://jurnal.unai.edu/isc/article/view/3493.

Carabine, Jean. “Unmarried Motherhood 1830–1990: A Genealogical Analysis.” Dalam Discourse as Data: A Guide for Analysis, 267–309. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2001.

Carreiro, Jaquoya. “Gender Role Beliefs, Household Chores, and Modern Marriages.” PhD Thesis, Antioch University, 2021.

Chatterjee, Sanhita. “Conflicting Ideals and Practices: Gender, Marriage and Norms within the Urban Middle Classes in Contemporary India.” PhD Thesis, University of Essex, 2022.

Coltrane, Scott, dan Michele Adams. “The Social Construction of the Divorce ‘Problem’: Morality, Child Victims, and the Politics of Gender.” Family Relations 52, no. 4 (2003): 363–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00363.x.

Fatima, Ifrah, dan Rukhsar Anwar. “From Discourse to Marriage: A Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Matrimonial Profiles.” International Premier Journal of Languages & Literature 3, no. 3 (2025): 614–39.

Fisher, Helen E. Anatomy of Love: The Natural History of Monogamy, Adultery, and Divorce. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish. New York: Pantheon Books, 1977.

———. “Power and Strategies.” Dalam Michel Foucault: Power, Truth, Strategy, disunting oleh Meaghan Morris dan Paul Patton, 48–58. Sydney: Feral Publications, 1979.

———. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977. Disunting oleh Colin Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books, 1980.

———. The Archaeology of Knowledge. New York: Pantheon Books, 1972.

———. The History of Sexuality. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

———. “The Order of Discourse.” Social Science Information 10, no. 2 (1971): 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/053901847101000201.

Gaetano, Arianne M. “Social Mobility and Single Women’s Marriage Dilemma in Urban China.” American Behavioral Scientist 70, no. 6 (2026): 764–79.

Gibbs, Graham R. “Discourse Analysis Part 2: Foucauldian Approaches.” YouTube Video, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E_ffCsQx2Cg.

Gui, Tianhan. “Coping with Parental Pressure to Get Married: Perspectives from Chinese ‘Leftover Women.’” Journal of Family Issues 44, no. 8 (2023): 2118–37.

Himawan, Karel K. “Either I Do or I Must: An Exploration of the Marriage Attitudes of Indonesian Singles.” The Social Science Journal, advance online publication, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2018.07.007.

Himawan, Karel K., Matthew Bambling, dan Sisira Edirippulige. “What Does It Mean to Be Single in Indonesia? Religiosity, Social Stigma, and Marital Status Among Never-Married Indonesian Adults.” SAGE Open 8, no. 3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018803132.

Khan, Shah Nawaz, Sahibzada Wasim Iqbal, dan Muhammad Imran. “Commodification of Women in Pakistani Newspaper Matrimonial Advertisements: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Jang and Dawn Newspaper Classifieds.” ASSAJ 4, no. 02 (2025): 1225–34.

Krishnan KT, Athira, dan Atiq Ahmed. “‘Marriage Should Not Mean Losing Myself’: Changing Expectations and Relationship Concerns among Unmarried Young Adults in Kerala.” Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2025, 1–18.

Lamba, Tanya. “At the Crossroads of Marriage: Experiences of Young Urban Middle-Class Women Negotiating Family and Sexuality Within Heterosexual Intimate Relationships in North India.” Changing Societies & Personalities 6, no. 4 (2022): 965–79.

Lawes, Rachel. “Marriage: An Analysis of Discourse.” British Journal of Social Psychology 38, no. 1 (1999): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466699164004.

Liong, Mario. “Re-Negotiating Fatherhood: Divorced Fathers in Hong Kong Experiencing and Resisting Stigma.” Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific, no. 39 (2016).

McCabe, Maria. “Heteronormativity: The Bias Underlying Marriage, Gender Roles, Sex Discrimination, and Custody Determinations.” U. Tol. L. Rev 53 (2021): 127.

Mills, Sara. Discourse. London: Routledge, 1997.

Richter, Julia, dan Christine Finn. “Transactions Between Self-Esteem and Perceived Conflict in Romantic Relationships: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study.” PloS One 16, no. 4 (2021): e0248620.

Saukko, Paula. Doing Research in Cultural Studies: An Introduction to Classical and New Methodological Approaches. London: SAGE Publications, 2003.

———. The Anorexic Self: A Personal, Political Analysis of a Diagnostic Discourse. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2008.

Singh, Shakila. “Women Want Love, Men Want Wives: The Discourse of Romantic Love in Young Adults’ Future Marriage Goals.” Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity 27, no. 2 (2013): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2013.808798.

Trask, Bahira. “Love in a Time of Globalization: Intimacy Re-Imagined Across Cultural Flows.” Dalam International Handbook of Love: Transcultural and Transdisciplinary Perspectives, 1–17. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025.

Underwood, Carrie R., dan Rachael D. Robnett. “Benevolent Sexism, Attachment Style, and Contingent Self‐Esteem Help to Explain How People Anticipate Responding to a Troubled Romantic Relationship.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 55, no. 12 (2025): 1063–78.

Voigt, Eric P. “Reconsidering the Mythical Advantages of Cohabitation: Why Marriage Is More Efficient Than Cohabitation.” Indiana Law Journal 78 (2003): 3.

Downloads

Published

06/30/2026

How to Cite

Chanutomo, Judith Nooryani. 2026. “Menyurat Takdir Pernikahan: Transendentalisasi, Institusionalisasi, Dan Normalisasi”. Retorik: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora 14 (1): 97-121. https://doi.org/10.24071/ret.v14i1.639.