Development of an Arduino-Based Water Rocket Launcher in Physics Experiments

Abstract

The effective science education requires practical methods that allow students to explore complex physics concepts. One promising approach is the use of physics experiment as an interactive media. This research focuses on the development of water rocket launcher using an Arduino as an innovative physics experiment. Arduino in water rocket launcher is used for making the precise control and relevant measurement of variables, such as angle of projection, speed of launch, maximum altitude of launch, and air pressure. The research process followed the ADDIE instructional design model and involved hardware, software prototyping, work testing, and user instruction. The launcher’s performance was tested with 33 engineering students and assessed by 5 experts. Expert evaluations rated the relevance, design, and usability of the kit highly (3.4–4.0 on a 4-point Likert scale). User responses from 33 students indicated strong agreement on ease of use and engagement (mean scores 3.79–3.91), with a high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .964). Experimental launches, using three and four finned rockets, showed maximum height percentage differences between theoretical and observed values ranging from 0.0%–52.6% (three fins) and 1.2%–51.8% (four fins); range errors were 3.4%–36.8% (three fins) and 2.1%–42.7% (four fins). The findings confirm that the Arduino-based water rocket launcher provides effective, interactive learning, though further refinement in data accuracy and instructional materials is recommended to maximize its classroom impact and is needed for improved accuracy.