Stigmatization of Incompetence toward Gibran Rakabuming Raka in YouTube Commentary: Corpus-Based CDA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v26i2.627Keywords:
stigma, incompetence, corpus linguistics, critical discourse, GibranAbstract
Public perceptions of political competence are increasingly shaped by digital discourse, with social media serving as a primary arena for evaluating leadership, meritocracy, and legitimacy. In this context, online commentary often constructs and reinforces stigmas toward political figures. This research examines the stigmatization of incompetence toward Gibran Rakabuming Raka through an integrated analysis of Corpus Linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) by Fairclough, and The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework (HSDF) by Stangl. Utilizing 1,500 YouTube comments from the video "Generasi Muda, Bonus Demografi dan Masa Depan Indonesia”, the study analyzes keyword frequencies such as "Baca" (45.33%), "AI" (14.00%), and "Nepotisme" (6.67%). Findings reveal that public perceptions of Gibran's reliance on texts and technology, coupled with accusations of nepotism, drive stigmatization, as reflected in sarcastic language and resistance narratives. CDA highlights power struggles and meritocratic ideology, whereas HSDF identifies fear of incompetence and digital anonymity as key drivers of eroded public trust. The study contributes to the understanding of digital political discourse but is limited by its single-video sample and the lack of user demographic data. Recommendations include authentic communication strategies for Gibran and policy responses to address public discontent, with suggestions for longitudinal research to track evolving stigma dynamics.
References
Adriani, D., & Yustini, T. (2021). Anticipating the demographic bonus from the perspective of human capital in Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 10(6), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i6.1377
Amini, T. A., & Setiawan, K. (2024). Application of the Naive Bayes Algorithm in Twitter Sentiment Analysis of 2024 Vice Presidential Candidate Gibran Rakabuming Raka using Rapidminer. International Journal Software Engineering and Computer Science (IJSECS). https://doi.org/10.35870/ijsecs.v4i1.2236
Anthony, L. (2022). AntConc (Version 4.2. 4)[Computer Software]. Waseda University.
Ardhi, S. (2023). Pandangan Pakar UGM Terkait Putusan MK Soal Batas Usia Capres-Cawapres. 1. https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/pandangan-pakar-ugm-terkait-putusan-mk-soal-batas-usia-capres-cawapres/
Aspinall, E. (2005). Opposing Suharto: Compromise, resistance, and regime change in Indonesia. Stanford University Press.
Baker, P. (2006). Using corpora in discourse analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., KhosraviNik, M., Krzyżanowski, M., McEnery, T., & Wodak, R. (2008). A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse & Society, 19(3), 273–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926508088962
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., & McEnery, T. (2013). Discourse analysis and media attitudes: The representation of Islam in the British press. Cambridge University Press.
Bittner, V. (2023). Dialectic icons: controversial public figures as emotional catalysts in contentious political discourse. Emotions and Society. https://doi.org/10.1332/263169021x16824558710337
Bovens, M., & Wille, A. (2017). Diploma democracy: The rise of political meritocracy. Oxford University Press.
Cheng, W. (2012). Corpus‐Based Linguistic Approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405198431.WBEAL0262
Cutting, J., & Fordyce, K. (2020). Critical Discourse Analysis. Pragmatics. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003010043-7
Delfia, E., Wijana, I. D. P., & Jati Kesuma, T. M. (2023). Lexical and Grammatical Cohesion in the Regional Regulation Discourse of West Sumatra Province. Journal of Language and Literature, 23(2), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v23i2.6081
Denver, M., Pickett, J., & Bushway, S. (2017). The Language of Stigmatization and The Mark of Violence: Experimental Evidence on The Social Construction and Use of Criminal Record Stigma. Criminology, 55, 664–690. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12145
Elsanhoury, M., Seddek, A. M. R. M., Sarwat, N. M., & Debian, R. E. A. (2020). A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Political Speeches: The Case of Donald Trump’s 2016 Election Speeches. Journal of Language and Literature, 20(2), 168. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v20i2.2390
Fairclough, N. (1992). Diacourese and Social Change.
Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: The critical study of language. In Journal of Pragmatics (Vol. 26, Issue 5, pp. 707–710). https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(96)89194-6
Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and Power. Routledge.
Fairclough, N. (2010). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315834368
Fairclough, N. (2015). Language and Power (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Farhadytooli, M. (2025). Studying the Fundamental Approaches to Critical Discourse Analysis: Disclose the Criticism of Power and Ideology. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies. https://doi.org/10.55677/ijssers/v05i02y2025-04
Febriandy, R. K., Habibah, T. M., & Hutapea, E. B. (2024). Humor, Symbols, and Power: Prabowo-Gibran Political Memes on Social Media in the 2024 Presidential Election. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.25008/jkiski.v9i2.1133
Gries, S. (2021). A new approach to (key) keywords analysis: Using frequency, and now also dispersion. Research in Corpus Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.32714/RICL.09.02.02
Hadiz, V. R. (2004). Decentralization and Democracy in Indonesia: A Critique of Neo‐Institutionalist Perspectives. Development and Change, 35(4), 697–718. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0012-155X.2004.00376.x
Hidayah, A. R., Bajari, A., Hidayat, D. R., & Maryani, E. (2025). Shifting from Religious Populism to Authoritarian Populism: Two Decades of Identity Politics Dynamics in Indonesia. Social Sciences, 14(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14010045
Hidayat, H., & Saifullah, A. R. (2020). Analisis Tanggapan Pengguna YouTube terhadap Pidato Presiden Joko Widodo: Analisis Wacana Berbasis Korpus. In Seminar Internasional Riksa Bahasa XIII. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. http://proceedings.upi.edu/index.php/riksabahasa
Hu, A., Neo, P., Soon, A., Tan, H., Yuxin, H., & Tan, R. (2024). The social construction of mental illness stigma amongst Asians: A systematic review and meta-ethnography. SSM - Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2024.100371
Hunston, S. (2010). Corpus Approaches to Evaluation. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203841686
Khlevniuk, D., Gn, & Noordenbos, B. (2024). The temporality of memory politics: An analysis of Russian state media narratives on the war in Ukraine. The British Journal of Sociology, 76, 390–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.13171
Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R. (2005). The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230511910
Maulana, A. M. D., & Andriani, M. (2024). Representasi Gibran Rakabuming Raka Dalam Teks Opini Tempo.Co November 2023: Analisis Wacana Kritis. SeBaSa. https://doi.org/10.29408/sbs.v7i1.27212
McEnery, T., & Hardie, A. (2011). Corpus Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511981395
Mietzner, M. (2007). Party Financing in Post-Soeharto Indonesia: Between State Subsidies and Political Corruption. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 29(2), CS29-2B. https://doi.org/10.1355/CS29-2B
Mukhibun, A., & Saputri, N. D. (2024). Representation of Insult in Instagram Comment Column@ gibran_rakabuming Post-Nomination as Vice Presidential Candidate: A Forensic Linguistic Study. Jurnal Sastra Indonesia, 13(2), 171–183.
Nartey, M., & Mwinlaaru, I. (2019). Towards a decade of synergising corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis: a meta-analysis. Corpora. https://doi.org/10.3366/COR.2019.0169
Nursalim, I., Kurnia Putra, N., & Hanifah, H. (2025). Digital Sentiments on Gibran’s Politics: Public Participation and Perception in Social Media Discourse. Journal of Social Growth and Development Studies, 1(2), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.64021/jsgds.1.2.81-90.2025
Nurwahid, A. F., Huda, A. M., Ade Firmannandya, Tsuroyya, Miarta, W. M., & Ismail, A. (2025). Antagonism on Rohingya in Youtube Comments: Virtual Ethnography of Indonesia-Malaysia Netizen. Asian People Journal (APJ), 8(SI1), 92–109. https://doi.org/10.37231/apj.2025.8.SI1.802
Rizky, F., Nisa, A., Harani, H., & Prianto, C. (2024). Sentiment Analysis of Hate Speech Against Presidential Candidates of the Republic of Indonesia in the 2024 Election Using BERT. Jurnal Sistem Cerdas. https://doi.org/10.37396/jsc.v7i3.432
Ryandaresta, M., & Amali, M. T. (2024). Political Branding Analysis of @Gibran_Rakabuming Tiktok Accounts during the 2024 Presidential Election Campaign. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi. https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i12.8817
Santoso, P. (2024). Public attention to Indonesian dynastic politics: an analysis of social media networks. The Journal of International Communication, 30(2), 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2024.2365268
Saputra, D. E., & Isnain, A. (2024). Implementasi Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network Untuk Analisis Sentimen Bacapres 2024 Pada Kolom Komentar Youtube Mata Najwa. JIPI (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Dan Pembelajaran Informatika). https://doi.org/10.29100/jipi.v9i3.5420
Saunders, P. (2006). Meritocracy and Popular Legitimacy. The Political Quarterly, 77(s1), 183–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2006.00794.x
Shofi, S. A., & Hadiutomo, D. A. (n.d.). A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Insulting Language in Indonesian Online Media. JL3T (Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching), 11(2 SE-Articles), 322–336. https://doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v11i2.11908
Sriwahyuni, E., Sjaf, S., Hakim, L., Sampean, Arsyad, A. A., Maulana, S. A. B., Gandi, R., Barlan, Z. A., & Iqbal, M. (2025). Population structure and village youth development planning. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2024.2448607
Stangl, A. L., Earnshaw, V. A., Logie, C. H., Van Brakel, W., Simbayi, L. C., Barré, I., & Dovidio, J. F. (2019). The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework: A global, crosscutting framework to inform research, intervention development, and policy on health-related stigmas. BMC Medicine, 17(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1271-3
Sukma, A. I., Asidiky, Z., & Agustian, A. F. (2023). A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of the Endangered Tigers in WWF Posters. Journal of Language and Literature, 23(2), 436–446. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v23i2.5595
Sundell, A. (2014). Nepotism and meritocracy. QoG Working Paper Series, 16.
Suryani, D. S., & Suhandano, S. (2025). Salience and Erasure in the Indonesian Government Climate Change Discourse: A Corpus-Based Ecolinguistics Study. Journal of Language and Literature, 25(1), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v25i1.9739
Tapsell, R. (2017). Media Power in Indonesia: Oligarchs, Citizens and the Digital Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield International.
Tarigan, K. E. (2025). Language and Symbols in Indonesian Political Hate Speech: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Journal of Linguistics, Culture and Communication, 3(2), 321–343. https://doi.org/10.61320/jolcc.v3i2.321-343
Taylor, C., & Marchi, A. (2018). Corpus approaches to discourse: a critical review. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315179346
Tyler, I., & Slater, T. (2018). Rethinking the sociology of stigma. The Sociological Review, 66, 721–743. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118777425
Van Dijk, T. (1993). Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis. Discourse & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926593004002006
Warsito, T. (2019). Attaining The Demographic Bonus in Indonesia. Jurnal Pajak Dan Keuangan Negara (PKN), 1(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v1i1.611
Xu, S., & Xiong, Y. (2020). Setting socially mediated engagement parameters: A topic modeling and text analytic approach to examining polarized discourses on Gillette’s campaign. Public Relations Review, 46, 101959. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2020.101959
Yudhi, S. G., & Tanto, T. (2022). US Police Department’s Representation in The New York Times Article “George Floyd’s Brother Pleads with Congress: ‘Make it Stop’”: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Journal of Language and Literature, 22(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v22i1.3434
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ach Fauzi, Titik Sudartinah, Pratomo Widodo (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
