Ordeals of Immigrants in Mukherjee’s The Middleman and Other Stories
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v26i2.1234Keywords:
Bharati Mukherjee, diaspora, hybridity, identity, traumaAbstract
The intersection of memory owing to migration, social inequality, emotional suffering, and intergenerational trauma offers a significant area of inquiry within contemporary English literary studies. The research paper endeavours to explore how the leading characters, as well as the immigrants in Bharati Mukherjee’s short stories, compiled in her book, The Middleman and Other Stories, suffer from the distress and trauma of displacement. It mainly analyses two short stories from the anthology, namely, “A Wife’s Story” and “The Middleman”, to note how the immigrants attempt to adapt to the menacing foreign worlds. The research paper takes a textual approach and makes a close reading of the text through the lens of diasporic concepts advocated by post-colonial thinkers, with special reference to the diasporic theorist Robin Cohen. Diaspora, since the 1990s, has been used to describe events of migration that lead to the issues of new identities. The diasporans who endeavour to settle in foreign countries have formed new patterns of life and new communities to get rid of the hybrid identity and culture. The finding is that the central characters of the selected stories, such as Panna Bhatt in “A Wife’s Story”, and Alfie Judah in “The Middlemen,” experience painful awareness in mimicking Western culture and constructing their concrete identity of diasporic dwelling. It is assumed that the paper stands as a reference for the researchers interested in exploring diaspora literature in the future.
References
Ali, A. (2025). Negotiating Indian identity in a globalized world: A study of Bharati Mukherjee's Jasmine. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.15680/IJIRSET.2025.1402048
Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G., & Tiffin, H. (2013). Post-colonial studies: The key concepts. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978023777855
Baubock, R., & Faist, T. (Eds.). (2010). Diaspora and transnationalism: Concepts, theories and methods. Amsterdam University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46mz31
Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.
Chakraborty, D. (2014). The exuberance of immigration: The immigrant woman in Bharati Mukherjees. International Journal of English and Literature. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEL2014.0528
Cohen, R. (2010). Global diasporas: An introduction. Routledge.
Gandhi, L. (1998). The post-colonial theory. Columbia University Press.
Gonzalez, M. L., & Oliva, J. I. (2015). Bharati Mukherjee’s struggle against cultural Balkanization: The forging of a new American immigrant writing. Indialogs, 2, 72–92. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/indialogs.25
Hall, S. (1990). Cultural identity and diaspora. In J. Rutherford (Ed.), Identity: Community, culture, difference (pp. 222-237). Lawrence & Wishart.
Heiman, J. (2001). Sexual desire in human relationships. In W. Everaerd, E. Laan, & S. Both (Eds.), Sexual appetite, desire and motivation: Energetics of the sexual system (pp. 117-118). Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Janagarraj, K. (2026). Immigration and displacement: A study of identity crisis in Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine. Shodh Manjusha: An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(1), 190–194. https://doi.org/10.70388/sm250200
Kumar, N. (2013). The fiction of Bharati Mukherjee: A cultural perspective. Atlantic
Maxey, R. (2019). Bharati Mukherjee and the politics of the anthology. The Cambridge Quarterly, 48, 33-49.
Meer, A. (1989). Bharati Mukherjee by Amanda Meer. Bombmagazine. https://bombmagazine.org/articles/bharati-mukherjee/
Mukherjee, B. (1988). The middleman and other stories. Penguin Books
Natarajan, N. (2010). Introduction: Reading diaspora. In N. Emmanuel (Ed.), Writers of Indian diaspora (pp. 32-38). Rawat Publications.
Parameswaran, U. (1990). Reviewed work: The Middleman and other stories, Bharati Mukherjee. World Literature Today, 64 (2), 363.
Radhakrishnan, R. (1991). Ethnicity in an age of diaspora. Transition, 54, 104-115. https://doi.org/10.2307/2934905
Rana, K. S. (2022, August 7). Diaspora issues in international affairs. Diplo. https://www.diplomacy.edu/blog/diaspora-issues-international-affairs/
Rushdie, S. (1991). Imaginary homelands. Penguin.
Sharma, N. (2020). A study of psychological sufferings in the works of Bharati Mukherjee. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 26(1), 339-343.
Shrivastwa, B. K. (2022, July 17). Dislocation and nomadism in Mukherjee’s the tiger’s daughter. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(3), 391-404. https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/11226
Siva, N. (2019, February). Social struggle of the protagonists of Bharathi Mukherjee in her stories, the Middleman and other stories. Contemporary Literary Review India, 6(1). https://www.literaryjournal.in/index.php/clri/article/view/288/330
Tyson, L. (2006). Critical theory today. Routledge.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Bimal Kishore Shrivastwa (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.





